GB/T17626.2-2006（idt IEC61000-4-2:2001）與GB/T17626.2-1998（idt IEC61000-4-2:1995）兩項標準差異分析報告

 

GB/T17626.2-2006（idt IEC61000-4-2:2001）為版本的國家標準，與GB/T17626.2-1998（idt IEC61000-4-2:1995）的標準主要差異如下：
1.    增加了條款7.1.3不接地的設備的試驗方法
標準差異：為了保證不接地設備在靜電放電試驗中不累積電荷，給出了試驗中釋放電荷的要求、方法。
IEC61000-4-2:2001原文
7.1.3 Test method for ungrounded equipment
The test method described in this subclause is applicable to equipment or part（s） of equipmentwhose installation specifications or design preclude connection to any grounding
system. Equipment, or parts thereof, includes portable, battery-operated and double-insulatedequipment （class II equipment）.
Rationale: Ungrounded equipment, or ungrounded part（s） of equipment, cannot discharge itself similarly to class I mains-supplied equipment. If the charge is not removed before the next ESD pulse is applied, it is possible that the EUT or part（s） of the EUT be stressed up to
twice the intended test voltage. Therefore, double-insulated equipment could be charged at
an unrealistically high charge, by accumulating several ESD discharges on the capacitance ofthe class II insulation, and then discharge at the breakdown voltage of the insulation with a
much higher energy.
The general test set-up shall be identical to the ones described in 7.1.1 and 7.1.2
respectively.
To simulate a single ESD event （either by air or by contact discharge）, the charge on the EUT shall be removed prior to each applied ESD pulse.
The charge on the metallic point or part to which the ESD pulse is to be applied, for example,
connector shells, battery charge pins, metallic antennae, shall be removed prior to each
applied ESD test pulse.
When one or several metallic accessible parts are subject to the ESD test, the charge shall be removed from the point where the ESD pulse is to be applied, as no guarantee can be given about the resistance between this and other accessible points on the product.
A cable with 470 k??bleeder resistors, similar to the one used with the horizontal and vertical
coupling planes, shall be used; see 7.1.
As the capacitance between EUT and HCP （table-top） and between EUT and GRP （floorstanding） is determined by the size of the EUT, the cable with bleeder resistors may remain installed during the ESD test when functionally allowed. In the discharge cable, one resistor shall be connected as close as possible, preferably less than 20 mm from the EUT test point.The second resistor shall be connected near the end of the cable attached to the HCP fortable-top equipment （see figure 8）, or GRP for floor-standing equipment （see figure 9）.
The presence of the cable with the bleeder resistors can influence the test results of some
equipment. In case of dispute, a test with the cable disconnected during the ESD pulse takes
precedence over the test with the cable installed during the test, provided that the charge has
sufficiently decayed between the successive discharges.
As an alternative, the following options can be used:
——the time interval between successive discharges shall be extended to the time necessary to allow natural decay of the charge from the EUT;
——a carbon fibre brush with bleeder resistors （for example, 2 ??470 k?） in the grounding cable;
???an air-ionizer to speed-up the "natural" discharging process of the EUT to its environment.
The ionizer shall be turned off when applying an air-discharge test. The use of any alternative
method shall be reported in the test report.
NOTE In case of dispute concerning the charge decay, the charge on the EUT can be monitored by a noncontacting
electric field meter. When the charge has decayed below 10 % of the initial value, the EUT is considered
to be discharged.
The tip of the ESD generator shall be held normal （perpendicular） to the surface of the EUT.
7.1.3.1 Table-top equipment
For table-top equipment, the EUT is placed on the horizontal coupling plane on top of the
insulating foil （0,5 mm thick）, as described in 7.1.1 and figure 5.
When a metallic accessible part, to which the ESD pulse is to be applied, is available on the EUT,this part shall be connected to the HCP via the cable with bleeder resistors; see figure 8.
7.1.3.2 Floor-standing equipment
Floor-standing equipment without any metallic connection to the ground reference plane shall be installed similarly to 7.1.2 and figure 6.
A cable with bleeder resistors shall be used between the metallic accessible part, to which the ESD pulse is to be applied, and the ground reference plane （GRP）; see figure 9.
GB/T17626.2-2006原文
7.1.3不接地設備的試驗方法        
本子條款描述的試驗方法適用于安裝規范或設計不與任何接地系統連接的設備或設備部件。設備或設備部件，包括便攜式、電池供電和雙重絕緣設備（II類設備）。
基本原理：不接地設備或設備的不接地部件不能如I類供電設備自行放電。若在下一個靜電放電脈沖施加前電荷未消除，受試設備或受試設備的部件上的電荷累積可能使電壓為預期試驗電壓的兩倍。因此，雙重絕緣設備的絕緣體電容經過幾次靜電放電累積，可能充電至異常高，然后以高能量在絕緣擊穿電壓處放電。
試驗配置應分別與7.1.1和7.1.2的描述相同。
為模擬單次靜電放電（空氣放電或者接觸放電），在施加每個靜電放電脈沖之前應消除受試設備上的電荷。
在施加每個靜電放電脈沖之前，應消除施加靜電放電脈沖的金屬點或部位上的電荷，如連接器外殼、電池充電插腳、金屬天線。
當對一個或幾個可接觸到的金屬部分進行靜電放電試驗，由于不保證能給出產品上該點和其它點間的電阻，應消除施加靜電放電點的電荷。
應使用類似于水平耦合板和垂直耦合板用的帶有470 kΩ泄放電阻的電纜，見7.1。
因受試設備和水平耦合板（臺式）之間以及受試設備和接地參考平面（落地式）之間的電容取決于受試設備的尺寸，靜電放電試驗時，如果功能允許，應安裝帶泄放電阻的電纜。放電電纜的一個電阻應盡可能靠近受試設備的試驗點，小于20 mm。第二個電阻應靠近電纜的末端，對于臺式設備電纜連接于水平耦合板上（見圖8），對于立式設備電纜連接于接地參考平面上（見圖9）。
帶泄放電阻電纜的存在會影響某些設備的試驗結果。有爭議時，若在連續放電之間電荷能有效地衰減，施加靜電放電脈沖時斷開電纜的試驗優先于連接上電纜的試驗。
以下選擇可作為替代方法：
── 連續放電的時間間隔應長于受試設備的電荷自然衰減所需的時間；
── 使用帶泄放電阻和炭纖維刷的接地電纜（例如，2×470 kΩ）；
── 使用加速受試設備的電荷“自然”泄放到環境的空氣-離子發生器。
當施加空氣放電時，離子發生器應關閉。任何替代方法的使用應在試驗報告中注明。
注 在電荷衰減有爭議時，可用非接觸電場計監視受試設備上的電荷。當放電衰減至低于初始值的10％后，受試設備被認為已放電。
靜電放電發生器的電極頭通常應垂直于受試設備的表面。
7.1.3.1臺式設備
對于臺式設備，如7.1.1和圖5所述，受試設備放于絕緣襯墊（厚0.5 mm）上, 絕緣襯墊位于水平耦合板上。
對受試設備上可觸及的金屬部分施加靜電放電，其金屬部分和水平耦合板之間應使用帶泄放電阻的電纜連接（見圖8）。
7.1.3.2落地式設備
對于與接地參考平面無任何金屬連接的落地式設備，安裝應類似于7.1.2和圖6。
對受試設備上可觸及的金屬部分施加靜電放電，其金屬部分和接地參考平面（GRP）之間應使用帶泄放電阻的電纜連接（見圖9）。
2.    修改了條款8.3.1對受試設備直接施加放電的方法
標準差異：進行了語言的重新組織，GB/T 17626.2-1998（idt IEC61000-4-2:1995）對直接放電施加位置描述比較模糊，GB/T17626.2-2006（idt IEC61000-4-2:2001）標準明確了在靜電放電試驗中哪些部位需要施加靜電放電，如何施加，增加了試驗的可操作性，具體明確的技術要求如下：
IEC61000-4-2:2001
8.3.1 Direct application of discharges to the EUT
Unless stated otherwise in the generic, product-related or product-family standards, the static
electricity discharges shall be applied only to those points and surfaces of the EUT which are
accessible to persons during normal use. The following exclusions apply （i.e. discharges are
not applied to those items）:
a） those points and surfaces which are only accessible under maintenance. In this case,
special ESD mitigation procedures shall be given in the accompanying documentation;
b） those points and surfaces which are only accessible under service by the （end-）user.
Examples of these rarely accessed points are as follows: battery contacts while changing
batteries, a cassette in a ephone answering machine, etc.;
c） those points and surfaces of equipment which are no longer accessible after fixed
installation or after following the instructions for use, for example, the bottom and/or wallside
of equipment or areas behind fitted connectors;
d） the contacts of coaxial and multi-pin connectors which are provided with a metallic
connector shell. In this case, contact discharges shall only be applied to the metallic shell
of that connector.
Contacts within a non-conductive （for example, plastic） connector and which are
accessible shall be tested by the air-discharge test only. This test shall be carried out by
using the rounded tip finger on the ESD generator.
In general, six cases shall be considered:

e） those contacts of connectors or other accessible parts that are ESD sensitive because of
functional reasons and are provided with an ESD warning label, for example, r.f. inputs
from measurement, receiving or other communication functions.
Rationale: Many connector ports are designed to handle high-frequency information, either
analogue or digital, and therefore cannot be provided with sufficient overvoltage protection
devices. In the case of analogue signals, bandpass filters may be a solution. Overvoltage
protecting diodes have too much stray capacitance to be useful at the frequencies at
which the EUT is designed to operate.
In all previous cases, special ESD mitigation procedures are recommended, to be given in
the accompanying documentation.
GB/T17626.2-2006
8.3.1對受試設備直接施加的放電
除非在通用標準、產品標準或產品類標準中有其它規定，靜電放電只施加在正常使用時人員可接觸到的受試設備上的點和面。以下是例外的情況（亦即，放電不施加在下述點）：
a）    在維修時才接觸得到的點和表面。這種情況下，特定的靜電放電簡化方法應在相關文件中注明。
b）    zui終用戶保養時接觸到的點和表面。這些極少接觸到的點，如換電池時接觸到的電池、錄音中的磁帶等。
c）    設備安裝固定后或按使用說明使用后不再能接觸到的點和面，例如，底部和/或設備的靠墻面或安裝端子后的地方。
d）    外殼為金屬的同軸連接器和多芯連接器可接觸到的點。該情況下，僅對連接器的外殼施加接觸放電。
非導電（例如，塑料）連接器內可接觸到的點，應只進行空氣放電試驗。試驗使用靜電放電發生器的圓形電極頭。
通常，應考慮以下六種情況:

例    連接器外殼    涂層材料    空氣放電    接觸放電
1    金屬    無    -    外殼
2    金屬    絕緣    涂層    可接觸的外殼
3    金屬    金屬    -    外殼和涂層
4    絕緣    無    a    -
5    絕緣    絕緣    涂層    -
6    絕緣    金屬    -    涂層
注：若連接器插腳有防靜電放電涂層，涂層或設備上采用涂層的連接器附近應有靜電放電警告標簽。
a若產品（類）標準要求對絕緣連接器的各個插腳進行試驗，應采用空氣放電。

e） 由于功能原因對靜電放電敏感并有靜電放電警告標簽的連接器或其它接觸部分可接觸到的點，如測量、接收或其它通訊功能的射頻輸入端。
基本原理: 許多連接器端子用于處理模擬或數字的高頻信息，因而不能使用充分的過壓保護裝置。過壓保護二極管的寄生電容妨礙受試設備工作頻段內的工作。對于模擬信號，帶通濾波器可能是解決方案。
在上述情況中，推薦的特定靜電放電簡化步驟應在相關文件中注明。
3. 修改了條款8.3.2.1對水平耦合板施加放電的方法
標準差異：進行了語言的重新組織，GB/T 17626.2-1998（idt IEC61000-4-2:1995）對施加的方法描述比較簡略，且要求靜電放電槍垂直于放電耦合版；
GB/T17626.2-2006（idt IEC61000-4-2:2001）標準明確了在靜電放電試驗中靜電槍施加的位置，增加了試驗的可操作性，且要求靜電放電槍在水平方向對其邊緣施加，具體要求如下：
IEC61000-4-2:2001
8.3.2.1 Horizontal coupling plane （HCP） under the EUT
Discharge to the HCP shall be made horizontally to the edge of the HCP.
At least 10 single discharges （in the most sensitive polarity） shall be applied at the front edge
of each HCP opposite the centre point of each unit （if applicable） of the EUT and 0,1 m from
the front of the EUT. The long axis of the discharge electrode shall be in the plane of the HCP
and perpendicular to its front edge during the discharge.
The discharge electrode shall be in contact with the edge of the HCP （see figure 5）.
In addition, consideration should be given to exposing all sides of the EUT to this test.
GB/T17626.2-2006
8.3.2.1在受試設備下面的水平耦合板
對水平耦合板放電應在水平方向對其邊緣施加。
在距受試設備每個單元（若適用）中心點前面的0.1 m處水平耦合板邊緣，至少施加10 次單次放電（以zui敏感的極性）。放電時，放電電極的長軸應處在水平耦合板的平面，并與其前面的邊緣垂直。
放電電極應接觸水平耦合板的邊緣（見圖5）。
另外，應考慮對受試設備的所有面都施加放電試驗。
4. 修改了GB/T 17626.2-1998（idt IEC61000-4-2:1995）條款9試驗結果和報告，在GB/T17626.2-2006（idt IEC61000-4-2:2001）中將該部分拆分為兩章：9. 試驗結果的評價，10.試驗報告
1）標準差異：進行了語言的重新組織，GB/T17626.2-2006（idt IEC61000-4-2:2001）明確指出性能降低或功能喪失的等級劃分是由制造商、需要方或制造商和購買方協商后確定的，推薦性的結果評價中也充分體現了該點。新版要求如下：
IEC61000-4-2:2001
9 Evaluation of test results
The test results shall be classified in terms of the loss of function or degradation of
performance of the equipment under test, relative to a performance level defined by its
manufacturer or the requestor of the test, or agreed between the manufacturer and the
purchaser of the product. The recommended classification is as follows:
a） normal performance within limits specified by the manufacturer, requestor or purchaser;
b） temporary loss of function or degradation of performance which ceases after the
disturbance ceases, and from which the equipment under test recovers its normal
performance, without operator intervention;
c） temporary loss of function or degradation of performance, the correction of which requires
operator intervention;
d） loss of function or degradation of performance which is not recoverable, owing to damage
to hardware or software, or loss of data.
The manufacturer’s specification may define effects on the EUT which may be considered
insignificant, and therefore acceptable.
This classification may be used as a guide in formulating performance criteria, by committees
responsible for generic, product and product-family standards, or as a framework for the
agreement on performance criteria between the manufacturer and the purchaser, for example
where no suitable generic, product or product-family standard exists.
GB/T17626.2-2006
9試驗結果的評價
試驗結果應依據受試設備在試驗中的功能喪失或性能降低現象進行分類，相關的性能水平由設備的制造商或需要方確定，或由產品的制造商和購買方雙方協商同意。推薦按如下要求分類：
a）    在制造商、委托方或購買方規定的限值內性能正常；
b）    功能或性能暫時喪失或降低，但在騷擾停止后能自行恢復，不需要操作者干預；
c）    功能或性能暫時喪失或降低，但需操作者干預才能恢復；
d）    因設備硬件或軟件損壞，或數據丟失而造成不能恢復的功能喪失或性能降低。
由制造商提出的技術規范可以規定對受試設備產生的某些影響是不重要的，因而是可接受的試驗影響。
這種分類可以由負責相關產品的通用標準、產品標準和產品類標準的專業標準化技術委員會作為明確表達功能準則的指南。在沒有合適的通用、產品或產品類標準時，可作為制造商和購買方協商的性能規范的框架。
2）標準差異：進行了語言的重新組織，GB/T17626.2-2006（idt IEC61000-4-2:2001）明確指出報告中應包含的信息，具體要求如下：
IEC61000-4-2:2001
10 Test report
The test report shall contain all the information necessary to reproduce the test. In particular,
the following shall be recorded:
– the items specified in the test plan required by clause 8 of this standard;
– identification of the EUT and any associated equipment, for example, brand name, product
type, serial number;
– identification of the test equipment, for example, brand name, product type, serial number;
– any special environmental conditions in which the test was performed, for example,
shielded enclosure;
– any specific conditions necessary to enable the test to be performed;
– performance level defined by the manufacturer, requestor or purchaser;
– performance criterion specified in the generic, product or product-family standard;
– any effects on the EUT observed during or after the application of the test disturbance,
and the duration for which these effects persist;
– the rationale for the pass/fail decision （based on the performance criterion specified in the
generic, product or product-family standard, or agreed between the manufacturer and
the purchaser）;
– any specific conditions of use, for example cable length or type, shielding or grounding, or
EUT operating conditions, which are required to achieve compliance.
GB/T17626.2-2006
10.試驗報告
試驗報告應包括能重現試驗的全部信息。特別是下列內容：
—— 本標準中第8章要求的在試驗計劃中規定的項目內容；
—— 受試設備和輔助設備的標識，例如商標、產品型號、序列號；
—— 試驗設備的標識，例如商標，產品型號，序列號；
—— 任何進行試驗所需的專門環境條件，例如，屏蔽室；
—— 進行試驗所需的任何特定條件；
—— 制造商、委托方或購買方規定的性能水平；
—— 在通用、產品或產品類標準中規定的性能要求；
—— 試驗時在騷擾施加期間及以后觀察到的對受試設備的任何影響，及其持續時間；
—— 試驗通過/失敗的判斷原因（根據通用標準、產品標準或產品類標準規定的性能判據或制造商和購買方達成的協議）；
—— 采用的任何特殊條件，例如電纜長度或類型，屏蔽或接地，或受試設備運行條件，均要符合規定。
5.修改了圖5，增加了圖8和圖9。
標準差異：修改了圖5對水平耦合板（HCP）間接放電的典型位置；圖8和圖9是對應條款7.1.3不接地設備的試驗方法增加的示意圖，增加了放電通路。
GB/T 17626.2-1998（idt IEC61000-4-2:1995）    GB/T17626.2-2006（idt IEC61000-4-2:2001）